中环目前C7聚光光伏度电成本0.57元

武川县300MW光伏电站一期工程100MW 光伏发电项目,2016年半年报中该项目收益只有1439万元，根据其公告上半年只有50MW并网发电。

根据其2015年年报子公司中环能源（内蒙古）有限公司、孙公司阿坝州红原环聚生态能源有限公司、阿坝州若尔盖环聚生态能源有限公司与呼和浩特环聚新能源 开发有限公司经营范畴属于国家重点扶持的公共基础设施项目，享受自项目取得第一笔生产经营收入所属纳税年度起，第一年至第三年免征企业所得税，第四年至第六年减半征收企业所得税的税收优惠政策。

呼和浩特1MW光伏电站如果不使用单轴跟踪技术年发电量141万度，假设使用单轴跟踪技术发电量增加25%。

呼和浩特在2015年的标杆光伏上网电价为0.9元/千瓦时，因为其项目是2015年并网发电的，所以电价按2015年标准

根据以上数据来估算其C7聚光光伏度电成本
50MW年发电量=141*1.25*50=8812.5万千瓦时，年电费收入7931.25万元，50MW半年收益为1439万，假设全年收益为半年的两倍，即2878万元

发电总成本=7931.25-2878=5053.25万元，度电成本=5053.25万/8812.5万=0.5734元

距离其0.4元的度电成本目标还有较大的距离，而且即使不用C7聚光发电技术的度电成本目前也已经达到0.52元以下了，所谓C7聚光发电的成本优势根本就不存在了，当初SunPowerC7聚光发电的成本优势在美国就没有得到证实。

SunPower公司一直表示，C7可以是高性价比的选择在正确的超级阳光的斑点，比竞争的技术能量低20％的平准化成本。也有潜在的长处在使用更少的土地面积，并在提供更好的傍晚输出。

但这些都是长期标榜的优势，并没有在美国被证明具有说服力，那里的信心在廉价和可预测的标准光伏运行高。CPV的意义仍不确定的数量在声明中被Ted Burhans抓获，在图森电力的可再生能源部高级项目经理，在TEP厂最近打开：“很多人都会在这个系统是如何执行感兴趣，是否能成功地部署在其它的风景。”

请看下面的海外评论文章全文：

Apple Solar Play in China: The Unique Tech Behind ItBy PETE DANKOon April 21, 2015 at 12:00 PMSunPower’s C7 concentrator solar power system at the ASU Polytechnic campus in Arizona. Photo from SunPower.

Apple’s renewable energy enthusiasm is spreading to China – that was big news last week. But the story’s more interesting player might be SunPower, with its efforts to expand deployment of concentrator photovoltaics (CPV).

The two 20-megawatt plants that Apple and SunPower have partnered on in China will use CPV, long thought to be a promising solar technology but one that has been slow to gain a market foothold. Now CPV is getting its best shot ever at growing to meaningful levels, thanks to SunPower and with a little assistance from Apple.

What is CPV? It might be easier to start with what it’s not: concentrating solar power (CSP), the more common of the “concentrating” solars. CSP uses the sun as a heat source, with mirrors concentrating the solar energy to boil water in an otherwise standard thermal generation process. We’ve seen it in tower configurations as at Ivanpah, and in parabolic configurations as at the recently completed (and water-guzzling) Abengoa Mojave Solar. CPV, by contrast, is like PV on steroids. Concentrating optics – lenses or mirrors – are used to focus intense sunlight on high-efficiency photovoltaic cells, maximizing power generation while minimizing the use of those very expensive PV cells.

CPV and CSP both thrive in areas of high direct normal irradiance, where the atmospheric conditions – low humidity, with cloudless skies free of pollution, smoke and dust – allow a lot of sunlight to reach the earth undiffused.

CPV is commonly broken down into high concentration (HCPV) and low concentration (LCPV) forms. As a recent report [PDF] from the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany and the U.S. National Renewable Energy Lab outlined:

More than 90% of the capacity publicly documented to be installed through end November 2014, is in the form of high concentration PV (HCPV) with two-axis tracking. Concentrating the sunlight by a factor of between 300x to 1000x onto a small cell area enables the use of highly efficient but comparatively expensive multi-junction solar cells based on III-V semiconductors (e.g. triple-junction solar cells made of GaInP/GaInAs/Ge). Low concentration designs – those with concentration ratios below 100x – are also being deployed. These systems primarily use crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells and single-axis tracking, although dual axis tracking can also be used.

HCPV is the splashier of the two forms, commonly used with multijunction cells that boast eye-popping efficiency – up to 46 percent per NREL’s certifying. But while HCPV has done better than LCPV, together they don’t add up to much in the now-giant solar market, accounting for one-quarter of 1 percent of total deployments in 2014, according to Greentech Media.
Chart from January 2015 Fraunhofer ISE/NREL report, “Current Status of Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Technology.”
SunPower’s play is with the low-concentration variety. As the company explained in its China/Apple announcement last week:
The technology combines single-axis tracking technology with rows of parabolic mirrors, reflecting light onto high efficiency SunPower Maxeon cells, which are the world’s most efficient commercially available mass-produced solar cells.
The first commercial deployment of the SunPower system, called C7, came two years ago at the Arizona State University Polytechnic campus. By using concentrators, SunPower said it needed just 172 kilowatts of solar cells to hit a capacity of 1 megawatt of power there.

A 7.3-MW C7 system was recently completed in Arizona for Tucson Electric Power, and a 19.9-MW installation in partnership with SunPower pal Apple is reportedly near completion in Nevada. Last fall, SunPower told solar watcher Ed Gunther that it was “installing its second-generation SunPower C7 Tracker, which has improvements in efficiency over the Gen 1 design,” at the Nevada site.

SunPower has long said C7 can be the cost-effective choice in the right super-sunny spots, with a 20-percent lower levelized cost of energy than competing technologies. There are also potential pluses in using less land area, and in providing better late afternoon output.译文：SunPower公司一直表示，C7可以是高性价比的选择在正确的超级阳光的斑点，比竞争的技术能量低20％的平准化成本。也有潜在的长处在使用更少的土地面积，并在提供更好的傍晚输出。

But these are long-advertised advantages that haven’t proven persuasive in the U.S, where confidence in cheap and predictable standard PV runs high. The sense of CPV as a still-uncertain quantity was captured in the statement by Ted Burhans, a senior program manager in Tucson Electric Power’s renewable energy department, after the TEP plant opened recently: “A lot of people will be interested in how this system performs and whether it can be successfully deployed on other landscapes.”译文：但这些都是长期标榜的优势，并没有在美国被证明具有说服力，那里的信心在廉价和可预测的标准光伏运行高。CPV的意义仍不确定的数量在声明中被Ted Burhans抓获，在图森电力的可再生能源部高级项目经理，在TEP厂最近打开：“很多人都会在这个系统是如何执行感兴趣，是否能成功地部署在其它的风景。”

Not that that’s a real problem for SunPower in the U.S.; it’s been doing big business here with systems that use its standard high-efficiency-cells without the concentrators.

Meanwhile, the company has found a market for LCPV in China, and this past November it told analysts that robust LCPV growth is expected.

From SunPower’s November 2014 Analyst Day presentation.

In 2012, SunPower formed a joint venture to manufacture its cell receivers in Inner Mongolia. The company says the planned 300-MW plant now has three 50-MW production lines going. But with a goal of 3 gigawatts of deployments in China, much of it LCPV, SunPower knows it will have to get beyond Inner Mongolia – and the Apple plants are being built in the southwestern Sichuan province.

In a further sign of SunPower’s confidence in LCPV in China, the company late last year said it would break ground on a 1 GW LCPV manufacturing plant in the Philippines.

That Fraunhofer/NREL report kind of treated LCPV as an afterthought, focusing mainly on the high-concentration sector, but you have to wonder about that, given the way the roster of HCPV players has been dwindling. Even the company at the top of the cell-efficiency heap, Soitec, is struggling mightily, although there are indications that reports of its CPV demise might be premature. Meanwhile, SunPower presses on in China with its low-concentration system, and it will be interesting if large-scale success there, should it unfold, might put CPV back on the radar in the U.S.
Topics: Apple, China, Concentrating Photovoltaic, LCPV, NREL, PV, SunPower, Tucson Electric Power

·趋势·包头最低电价0.52元/度 或表示平价上网时代已近在眼前
2016-09-23 02:03:00 来源： 无所不能
OFweek太阳能 光伏网讯：9月22日，内蒙古包头市领跑者计划招标开标。开标情况显示，57家参与招标的企业中，最低报价0.52元/度。青岛日盛和华电都报出0.52元/度的低价，与蒙西电网上网电价相差无几，几乎实现用户侧平价上网。

按照国家发改委发布的发改价格〔2015〕3044号《关于完善陆上风电光伏发电上网标杆电价政策的通知》，内蒙古包头的光伏标杆上网电价为0.8元/kwh。即领跑者计划报价低于标杆上网电价近0.3元/度。

2016年8月29日，水规总院发布《内蒙古包头市采煤沉陷区国家先进技术光伏发电示范基地2016年项目评优公告》，包头市采煤沉陷区建设国家先进技术光伏发电示范基地，2016年光伏基地计划安装容量为100万千瓦。

根据光伏基地规划总体布局，包头石拐区建设50万千瓦、土右旗建设50万千瓦，两个片区共划分12个单体项目，其中：10万千瓦项目7个，5万千瓦项目4个；10万千瓦平台项目1个。建设期截至2017年中，开发经营期为二十五（25）年（不含建设期）。

“光伏领跑者计划”是国家能源局2015年推出的光伏发展计划，通过建设先进技术光伏发电示范基地、新技术应用示范工程等方式实施。
光伏领跑者最初在山西大同示范，2016年新增8个基地。2016年6月，国家能源局《关于下达2016年光伏发电建设实施方案的通知》，新增的领跑技术基地包括：河北1个（冬奥会光伏廊道光伏领跑技术基地）、山西2个（阳泉采煤沉陷区和芮城县光伏领跑技术基地）、内蒙古2个（包头采煤沉陷区和乌海采煤沉陷区光伏领跑技术基地）、安徽1个（两淮采煤沉陷区光伏领跑技术基地）、山东2个（济宁采煤沉陷区和新泰采煤沉陷区光伏领跑技术基地）。

包头领跑技术基地招标，基本囊括了国内主要的光伏企业，报价最高到0.75元。对于最低0.52元/度的报价，有业内人士惊呼，已经低于成本无法盈利。

对照内蒙古西部电网的电价，报价显示，光伏在用户侧几乎可以达到平价上网的状态。行业人士何继江评论，这次招标是大规模光伏电站，成本比低压侧并网的肯定要便宜，但是就今年以来的光伏降价趋势，用户侧平价上网已经近在眼前。

0.4元/Kwh？C7光伏电站真的来了
2016-9-20 作者：世纪新能源网 来源：世纪新能源网

0.4元每度！是中环股份 最近几年在公开场合反复提到的C7聚光发电成本的目标。这个价格远远低于国家的光伏标杆电价，即使是对标近日协鑫新能源 的0.61元竞争性光伏投标价格，也整整低了0.21元。所以，中环股份因电价和项目落地较慢饱受争议，甚至被不少业内人士打上了“忽悠”的标签。

事实上，C7并不是中环创造，而是美国知名光伏企业SunPower最早于2004年推出，一开始只是跟踪系统，经过几年的技术迭代推出全新的C7系统。C7简单来说是一种集光伏跟踪＋聚光的发电系统。理论上该系统可以汇聚7倍的太阳能辐照量，从而降低光伏发电成本。具体来说，C7Tracker将单轴跟踪技术与成排的抛物面反射镜相结合，将光线反射到效率为24.1%的SunPowerMaxeon？太阳能电池上（截止目前SunPower最高量产效率电池）。SunPower宣称与同类技术相比，利用镜面减少发电所需太阳能电池的数量最多可降低20%的电力平准化成本。比如，一个400兆瓦C7Tracker发电厂只需要不到70兆瓦的SunPower太阳能电池。

该系统推出后，由于当时的跟踪设备精度与电池片发热等许多相关技术问题与实验室环境并不相同，全球销售量并没有SunPower预想那样火热。2013年SunPower来到中国，并与中环股份签订至少3GW的光伏发电站合约。包括：建设一家300MW的C7电池接收器制造厂，在内蒙古赛罕区建设一个C7系统的20MW项目、在内蒙古武川县建设100MW的C7项目。双方认为：利用中国制造成本优势+SunPower技术形成完美结合，颠覆光伏发电成本。中环股份称：小目标是0.4元/Kwh，未来降低到0.35/Kwh以下。

如何做到0.4元/Kwh

那么，如何做到0.4元/Kwh？中环股份给出数的数据称：运用高质量的单晶硅片和金刚线切片技术将使光伏电池成本生产成本比同行低30%。其中，硅片切片厚度比同业薄30%，电池的转化效率比同行提高30%，且高效电池组件衰减率几乎是为零。据笔者获得的最新数据显示：当前中环硅片实验室数据已经达到125微米，量产产品在140微米左右，电池转化效率在24%。该电池产品就是刚刚不久前完成环球飞行的SolarImpulse2所用的产品，平均厚度为135微米，效率23%。

该系统推出后，由于当时的跟踪设备精度与电池片发热等许多相关技术问题与实验室环境并不相同，全球销售量并没有SunPower预想那样火热。2013年SunPower来到中国，并与中环股份签订至少3GW的光伏发电站合约。包括：建设一家300MW的C7电池接收器制造厂，在内蒙古赛罕区建设一个C7系统的20MW项目、在内蒙古武川县建设100MW的C7项目。双方认为：利用中国制造成本优势+SunPower技术形成完美结合，颠覆光伏发电成本。中环股份称：小目标是0.4元/Kwh，未来降低到0.35/Kwh以下。

随着2014年中环股份在内蒙古20MW规模的C7低倍聚光光伏电站开工建设，C7系统不再是纸上谈兵，该项目共20个方阵，每个方阵容量设计为1MW。光伏组件由115W单晶光伏阵列组成。每个方阵由96组C7模组构成，单个C7模组支架单元由108个115W的光伏组件及114个镜面组成，容量为12.42KW。目前，该20MW项目已全部并网。

今年5月30日，中环股份公告称，子公司华夏聚光生产制造的C7系统接收器，现已实现批量生产、供货。C7系统接收器的功率比原设计及可研报告高出6.52%；同时，C7系统接收器光电转换效率超过24.5%。中环股份已经具备100MW规模的C7系统全线制造能力。该公司是否达到了0.4元/Khw的发电成本？中环财报中并没有说明，但国产化的C7真的来了。